Leptospira species are spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria responsible for causing the zoonotic disease leptospirosis in humans and animals. Serological studies indicate that horses are frequently exposed to Leptospira and the seroprevalence can range from 2–79%. In horses, recurrent uveitis and periodic ophthalmia are the most common clinical manifestations. It has also been detected in cases of stillbirths, abortions, weak foals, and hepatic and renal dysfunction.
It is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the infected host such as ingestion of contaminated food and inhalation of urine droplets from infected hosts
Leptospira are found worldwide and can occupy diverse environments, habitats and life cycles. They are most frequently associated with stagnant water reservoirs, such as bogs, ponds, puddles, and shallow lakes.
